A1 GrammarA1 Elementary

Present simple forms of ‘to be’: am/is/are

The present simple of be: Form

Educational chart illustrating the present simple forms of the verb 'to be' with examples in positive, negative, and question forms, alongside short answers for an elementary-level English grammar lesson.

Download full-size image from Pinterest

The present simple of the verb be has three forms:

‣ I am.
‣ He/She/It is.
‣ We/You/They are.

They= people and things

We use he for a man, she for a woman, and it for a thing.

  • He‘s a little boy. 
  • She‘s beautiful. 
  • I like this TV. It‘s very big. 

We use they for people and for things.

  • I love Sara and Jonas. They are my friends.
  • I love these chairs. They are very beautiful.

Don’t forget the subject

We always need a subject before the verb.

  • It is cold.
  • Is cold.
  • Sally is a wonderful woman.
  • Is a wonderful woman.

Contractions or short forms

We use ‘m, ‘s and ‘re with personal pronouns (I, you, he, etc.)

  • I’m sad.
  • You’re tired.
  • She’s from Scotland.

But we can also use ‘s with names.

  • Laura’s beautiful.
  • London’s an expensive city. 

Contractions in short answers

We can only use contractions in negative short answers. Not in positive short answers.

  • Yes, I am.
  • Yes, I’m.
  • Yes, she is.
  • Yes, she’s.
  • Yes, they are.
  • Yes, they’re.

The present simple of be – USE

Infographic displaying various uses of the verb 'to be', including introducing people, age, job, nationality, feelings, color, prices, weather, time, and descriptions, with example sentences.

Download full-size image from Pinterest

We use the verb be to talk about:

Who we are: I‘m Steven, and this is Isabella. And this is my daughter, Alicia.

Age: I‘m 24 years old, and my father is 50. 

Job: I‘m a teacher, and my wife is a doctor. 

Nationality: Alex is from Ireland, and Sonia is from Spain.

Feelings: I‘m scared. She is very tired. 

Colour: Our dog is black. His eyes are blue.

Prices: It‘s seven pounds. This T-shirt is twenty dollars.  

The weather: It‘s sunny today. It is very cold this morning. 

The time: What time is it? It‘s ten past four. 

Descriptions in general: He is very short and thin. The cars are old and cheap. 

Ready to practice?

Put your knowledge to the test with interactive exercises (4 exercises available).